Step-Down (Buck) Converter
A step-down circuit is used to generate a lower voltage than the input. It is also called a buck. The polarities are the same as in the input.
Step-Up (Boost) Converter
A step-up circuit is used to generate a higher voltage than the input voltage. It is called as a boost. The polarities are same as in the input.
Buck-Boost Converter
In Buck-Boost Converter, the output voltage can be increased or decreased than the input voltage. It works to either boosting or bucking the voltage. The common usage of this converter is to reverse the polarity.
Cuk: This type of converter is similar to the Buck-Boost converter. The difference is its name, named after Slobodan Cuk, the man who created it.
Charge Pump: This converter is used to step the voltage up or down in applications that have low power.
